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RAPTOR 4-Channel Bioassay System

 

 

RAPTOR 4-Channel Bioassay SystemRAPTOR™ is a portable, 4-channel fluorometric assay system that can be used for high-sensitivity monitoring of biological agents, toxins, explosives, and chemical contaminants. It can automatically perform a user-defined, multi-step, assay protocol while simultaneously tracking fluorescently-tagged chemical reactions occurring on the surface of each of the system’s four disposable optical waveguide sensors. Assays typically take between 10 to 15 minutes and the results are displayed on the LCD for each of the four waveguides.

Using immunoassay techniques, toxins and markers such as Y. pestis F1 antigen have been detected at levels below 1 ppb from samples of a few hundred microliters. Each waveguide may be functionalized with a different assay, allowing up to four different assays to be run simultaneously.

RAPTOR uses a disposable plastic coupon containing four injection-molded optical waveguides. These wave-guides are functionalized with the desired chemistry and inserted into the coupon. They are then simultaneously interrogated using 635 nm light while monitoring the return fluorescent signal. Windows-based software allows the user to graphically monitor data recovery while an assay is running.

Sandwich Assays Performed with RAPTOR Bioassay System

Target Agent

Liquid Media

Approx. Detection Limit

References
Cocaine Urine 50ng/ml 6
TNT Water 440 ng/ml 5, 9, 11
RDX Water 1,000 ng/ml 5
Ovalbumin Water 5 ng/ml 18
Ricin Water <0.5 ng/ml 10, 15, 18, 19
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B Water 0.1-0.5 ng/ml 12, 15, 16, 18, 20
Cholera toxin Water 0.1-1 ng/ml 16, 20
D-dimer Blood plasma 200 ng/ml 8
Protein C Blood plasma 160 ng/ml 7
Bacillus globigii Water 2.5 x 104 CFU/ml 18, 20
Bacillus anthracis Water 30 CFU/ml Footnote (a)
Sterne strain, vegetative cells Whole blood 100 CFU/ml 18
Ames strain, irradiated spores Water 104 -105 CFU/ml 16, 18
Botulinium toxin Water 1 – 10 ng/ml 6, Footnote (a)
Erwinia herbicola Water 107 CFU/ml Footnote (a)
Yersinia pestis F1 antigen Water 1-5 ng/ml 15, 13, 18
Brucella abortus Water 7 x 104 CFU/ml 18
Francisella tularensis Water 5 x 104 CFU/ml 15, 18, 20
Escherichia coli O157:H7 Hamburger slurry 100-1000 CFU/g (direct) 2, 3, 4
　 " " 0.08-0.4 CFU/g (6 hour enrichment) 17
　 Raw sewage 1000 CFU/ml 16
Salmonella typhimurium Water 20,000 CFU/ml 14, 15, 16
Giardia lamblia Drinking Water 5 x 104/ml 18
MS2 Water 109 pfu/ml 15
Vaccinia Water 105 pfu/ml 1
RSV Water Equiv. to std. ELISA Footnote (b)

Footnotes
(a) Private communication - G.P. Anderson, Naval Research Laboratory.
(b) Unpublished data - David McCrae & Ann Wilson, Research International.

REFERENCES

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  2. D. R. DeMarco, and D. V. Lim, "Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in 10- and 25-gram ground beef samples with an evanescent-wave biosensor with silica and polystyrene waveguides," J. Food Prot, 596-602 (2002).

  3. D. Lim, "Rapid Biosensor Detection of Foodborne Microbial Pathogens," Microbiological methods Forum News, 18, 13-17 (June 2001).

  4. D. V. Lim, "Rapid Pathogen Detection in the New Millennium," National Food Processors Association (NFPA) Journal, 13–17 (October 2000).

  5. B. Bakaltcheva, F. S. Ligler, C. H. Patterson, and L. C. Shriver-Lake, "Multi-Analyte Explosive Detection using a Fiber Optic Sensor," Analytica Chima Acta, 399, 13–20 (1999).

  6. N. Nath and M. Eldefrawi, J. Wright, D. Darwin and M. Huestis, "A Rapid Reusable Fiber Optic Biosensor for Detecting Cocaine Metabolites in Urine," Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 23, 460–467 (1999).

  7. J. O. Spiker, K. A. Kang, W. N. Drohan, and D. F. Bruley, "Preliminary Study of Biosensor Optimization for the Detection of Protein C," Oxygen Transport to Tissue XX, Plenum Press, New York, 681-688 (1998).

  8. B. A. Rowe, et al., "Rapid Detection of D-dimer Using a Fiber Optic Biosensor," Thromb. Haemost., 79, 94–98 (1998).

  9. B. L. Donner, et al., "Transition from Laboratory to On-Site Environmental Monitoring of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Using a Portable Fiber Optic Biosensor," ACS Symposium Series, 657 (Immunochemical Technology for Environmental Applications), 198–209 (1997).

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  12. L. A. Tempelman, et al., "Quantitating Staphylcoccal Enterotoxin B in Diverse Media Using a Portable Fiber Optic Biosensor," Analytical Biochemistry, 233, 50–57 (1996).

  13. K. Cao, G. P. Anderson, F. S. Ligler J. and Ezzel, "Detection of Yersinia pestis fraction 1 antigen with a fiber optic biosensor," J. Clin. Microbiol. 33, 336-341 (1995).

  14. N. Nath and M. Eldefrawi, J. Wright, D. Darwin and M. Huestis, "A Rapid Reusable Fiber Optic Biosensor for Detecting Cocaine Metabolites in Urine," Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 23, 460–467 (1999).

  15. D. R. DeMarco, et al., Rapid Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Ground Beef Using a Fiber Optic Biosensor," Journal of Food Protection, 62, 711–716 (1999).

  16. D. V. Lim, "Detection of microorganisms and toxins with evanescent wave fiber-optic biosensors," Proc. IEEE 91, 902-907 (2003).

  17. T. B. Tims and D. V. Lim, "Confirmation of viable E. coli O157:H7 by enrichment and PCR after rapid biosensor detection," Journal of Microbiological Methods, 55, 141-147 (2003).

  18. G. P. Anderson, C. A. Rowe-Taitt, and F. S. Ligler, "RAPTOR: A Portable, Automated Biosensor," First Conference on Point Detection for Chemical and Biological Defense (October 2000).

  19. Ellen R. Goldman, Mehran P. Pazirandeh, J. Matthew Mauro, Keeley D. King, Julie C. Frey and George P. Anderson, " Phage-displayed peptides as biosensor reagents," Journal of Molecular Recognition, 13 (6), 382 – 387, 2000.

  20. G. P. Anderson, K. D. King, K. L. Gaffney, and L. H. Johnson, "Multi-Analyte Interrogation Using the Fiber Optic Biosensor," Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 14, 771–777 (2000).

  21. R. A. Ogert, et al., "Detection of Clostridium botulinium Toxin A Using a Fiber Optic-Based Biosensor," Analytical Biochemistry, 205, 306–312 (1992).

 

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